リーダーシップのタイプについて
こんにちは、小野田です。
あなたは、「リーダー」と聞いたら
どんなイメージありますか？
・自分であらゆることを決断して、
「俺に付いてこい！」とみんなをグイグイ引っ張る人
たぶん、そんなイメージが強いんじゃないかなと思います。
僕もそう思ってました。
なので、内向的な僕は「向いてないな〜」と、
リーダーという役割に苦手意識を感じてたんです。
ですが、いろんな本を読んでみて、
どうやらリーダーにも種類があるらしい！
っていうのが分かりました。
というか、むしろ日本人には
グイグイ引っ張るタイプのやり方は合ってない、
ことが分かったんですね。
日本は、世界と比べても１桁違うくらい、
100年続くような老舗企業が圧倒的に多いんです。
そんな老舗企業の思想を辿っていくと、
ある１人の人物が見つかります。
→石田梅岩
そんな彼が推奨している経営スタイルは、
トップがすべて決めて社員を引っ張るものじゃなくて、
全員で話し合って決めていく「全員参加型経営」なのです。
本来、日本人はこういうスタイルを得意としてたんですね。
ですが、欧米からトップダウン方式の
スタイルが入ってきて、それが広がりました。
ただ、そのスタイルは「指示待ち社員」を生み出し、
上司の目をごまかそうとする社員や、
ヤル気のない社員を生み出すことが分かり、
今は真逆の構造が注目されてます。
イメージ図↓
（字が下手なのはiPadに指で書いてるから笑）
そんな時代のリーダーとして注目されてるのが、
「サーバントリーダー」という存在。
そのサーバントリーダーについて
詳しく書かれた本があって、
僕も何度も読み返して自分を戒めてる本があります。
それが『サーバントリーダーシップ』
このなかで、さっき紹介した
トップダウン方式をこう否定しています。
”信頼関係の薄い社風は、
管理が極端に厳しくて建前だけに頼る上に、
守りの姿勢に入っており、冷笑的で、
内部競争が激しいことが特徴だ。それでは人に権限を与えて
能力を高めている〈組織〉に比べて、
スピードや質、イノベーションのどれをとってもかなうまい。”
（引用：『サーバントリーダーシップ』英治出版）
だから、信頼関係が濃くてメンバーが成長し、
積極的に行動していけるようなチームにするには
サーバントリーダーシップが大事なんだ。
っていうような事を言ってます。
そんなサーバントリーダーと、
従来のリーダーの大きな違いはシンプル！
＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝
それに付いていく人達が、
「動かされてる」のか「動いてる」のか。
＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝
従来のリーダーは、
命令することで人を動かします。
サーバントリーダーは、
周りの人達が「この人のために動きたい！」
と、内からの思いで動くんです。
もう少し別の言い方をすると、
従来のリーダーは「能力」で選ばれます。
ですが、サーバントリーダーは
「信頼」で選ばれるんですね。
（字が下手なのはiPadに指でk・・・）
じゃあ、どうやって信頼を得るのか？
どうすればサーバントリーダーになれるのか？
これもシンプル。
それについて、こう書かれてます。
”「サーバント・リーダーとは、第一に奉仕する人だ。
それは自然な感情として湧き上がり、
人に奉仕したい、まず奉仕したいと思わせる。
権力、影響力、名声、富を欲したりはしない」。グリーンリーフは権力や影響力といった
モチベーションを軽視しているわけではない。何と言っても、われわれは人間であり、
当然ながらこういう領域に興味もあれば、
願望も抱くだろう。本来の問題は、
何が最優先で、何が二の次か、ということだ。”
（『サーバントリーダーシップ』英治出版）
仲間のことを真剣に考え、思いやり、
仲間に奉仕・貢献することで
「この人に付いていきたい！」
「この人のために動きたい！」と思ってもらう。
そうすることで、
厳しく管理する必要なんてなくなり、
自分で考えて積極的に動く人が増えるから
メンバーがどんどん成長していく・・・。
そういうチームになるんですね。
これがサーバントリーダーシップ！
これなら内向的な僕にも目指せそう！
で、これって日本の昔ながらのスタイルなんですよ。
ところで、未来工業株式会社という会社、
聞いたことありますか？
実はこの会社、
「日本一社員が幸せな会社」として
カンブリア宮殿で紹介されたこともある会社なんですね。
この元社長である山田さんが、
まさにこの本で書かれている
サーバントリーダーシップを実践して結果を出し、
その有効性を証明してます。
社員のモチベーションを上げて
満足度を上げるような取り組みが色々あって、
そのなかでも「報連相するな！」は有名。
そんな山田さんの著書のなかで、
サーバントリーダーシップを実践してることが分かる、
こんなことが書かれていました。
社員を出張させるとき、多くの会社が「どの交通機関を使って移動する？」
と細かく管理する中、未来工業ではこうしてるらしい。
”交通費に関しても同じだ。ウチは遠距離の交通費も、
基本は新幹線か飛行機料金で事前に渡す。
東京 ・大阪間なら夜行バスを使えば、約３分の１の料金。その分、時間はかかるし、身体は疲れるが、
３分の２がそっくり自分のお小遣いになる。”
（引用：『ホウレンソウ禁止で１日７時間１５分しか働かないから仕事が面白くなる』東洋経済新報社）
そんな山田さんの方針は一貫していて、
「徹底的に社員に貢献していれば、
社員たちは”この会社のために頑張ろう！”
と、自然と積極的に動いてくれるようになる」。
この考えを軸に、
あらゆる取り組みをしてるんですね。
結果、日本一社員が幸せな会社と
呼ばれるようになったんです。
さて。
ここまでで、サーバントリーダーになるには
とにかく貢献することが大事なんだよ！
という話をしてきました。
ただ、大事なのはそれだけじゃありません。
あと２つ、大事なステップがあります。
その１つが「ビジョン」
こんなことが書いてあります。
”カオス理論支持者が
「ストレンジ・アトラクター」と呼ぶもの
──つまり、ビジョンだ。ビジョンに引き寄せられて一致団結することで、
人々は共通の目的を達成しようとする
モチベーションによって内側から駆り立てられる。”
（『サーバントリーダーシップ』英治出版）
ビジョンを語って目的を共有することで、
チームに一体感を生み出すんですね。
で、最後の１ステップ。
「一緒に行こうぜ！」とメンバーを誘う。
メンバーが自ら動くとはいえ、背中を押すのは大事。
流れを整理すると、
サーバントリーダーがやっていくステップは
こんな感じになります。
１．ビジョンを打ち出す
２．仲間に貢献・奉仕して信頼を得る
３．「一緒に行こう！」と誘う
こうすることで、
自分たちで考えて動くようなチームになるのです。
リーダー＝グイグイ引っ張っていく人
みたいなイメージが強いんですが、
今の時代、そうじゃなくなってきてます。
僕自身、まったく（一般的な）リーダー気質じゃなくて、
人前に立つのは未だに苦手です。
だけど、そんな僕でも、
もう２年以上続いてるオンライン講座があって、
そこで初期からずっと継続してお金を払い続け、
参加してくださってる方もいます。
（本当にありがたいです。）
その講座で掲げてるビジョンに共感してくれて、
付いてきてくれる仲間が沢山います。
なので、内向的な僕自身の体験としても、
「グイグイ引っ張っていく人」だけが
リーダーの形じゃないんだよ。が分かりました。
カリスマ性がなくてもリーダーになれる。
内向的でもリーダーとして活躍できる。
そんな希望を与えてくれた本が、
今回紹介した『サーバントリーダーシップ』でした。
はじめて読んだとき、
すごく勇気付けられたのを覚えてます。
この本の内容を忘れないように、
これからも「ひたすら貢献」を意識していこうと思います。
それでは、今回はこれでー！
ありがとうございました！
◆LINE＠も好評です◆
技術ばかりに偏るコミュニケーション教材に疑問を感じ、
心×身体×技術
＝コミュニケーション力
そんな信念から、心と身体を整え
伝え方の技術も磨くために、
脳科学、東洋医学、哲学、心理学など
最高レベルの情報を惜しみなく発信してます。
期間限定で電子書籍シリーズもプレゼント中！
コメント
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